The space sector is undergoing a dual transformation. First, in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), the build-out of mega-constellations by SpaceX (Starlink), Amazon (Project Kuiper), and others is creating a seamless, space-based layer of global connectivity. This isn't just about rural internet; it's about enabling autonomous vehicles, global IoT networks, and securing communications. The next phase is the integration of this infrastructure with terrestrial 5G and future 6G networks, creating a hybrid "space-terrestrial" internet.
Second, for deep space, the key development is Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP). Chemical rockets are too slow for practical human missions to Mars (6-9 months). NTP, which uses a nuclear reactor to heat propellant, could slash transit times to Mars to under 100 days, reducing crew exposure to cosmic radiation and making missions more feasible. NASA and DARPA are actively testing this technology. Meanwhile, the in-orbit economy is growing with projects focused on space manufacturing (for materials impossible to make on Earth) and active debris removal, which is critical for keeping vital orbital pathways clear.
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